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5 Pesos Oro Legal
| Issuer | Banco de Caldas |
|---|---|
| Year | 1919 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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| Obverse description | Black and pink intaglio note with a guilloche-rich border frame. At left, an oval vignette contains a portrait of a gentleman in early 19th-century attire. The bank name 'EL BANCO DE CALDAS' appears in large bold lettering across the upper centre, with the denomination 'CINCO PESOS ORO LEGAL' inscribed within a central cartouche surrounded by ornate guilloche underprint. Serial numbers appear at upper centre flanking the main title, with issuing and payment conditions printed in the lower portion along with date and signature lines for Manizales, Colombia. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | SECCIÓN HIPOTECARIA ESTABLECIDA EN VIRTUD DE CONTRATO CON EL GOBIERNO DE LA REPÚBLICA DE COLOMBIA DE ACUERDO CON LA LEY 24 DE 1905 EL BANCO DE CALDAS PAGARÁ AL PORTADOR, EN LAS CONDICIONES INDICADAS AL RESPALDO, LA CANTIDAD DE CINCO PESOS ORO LEGAL AL INTERÉS DEL CUATRO POR CIENTO ANUAL LOS INTERESES SE PAGARÁN EL 31 DE JULIO DE CADA AÑO EL CAPITAL SE PAGARÁ EL DÍA DE DE 19 MANIZALES (COLOMBIA) DE DE 191 EL GERENTE EL SECRETARIO 5 |
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Banco de Caldas was a regional Colombian bank operating out of Manizales, chartered under the banking laws that proliferated after the country's 1905 monetary reorganization. Its notes circulated primarily within the coffee-producing departments of the Colombian interior, where local credit instruments often moved more reliably than distant Bogotá-issued currency.
The American Bank Note Company handled an enormous share of Latin American paper at this period, and Caldas's contract was one of dozens running simultaneously through the New York plant. What distinguishes this issue is its timing: by 1919, Colombia was already moving toward centralized banking, and private departmental banks like Caldas were operating on borrowed time. The Banco de la República, established in 1923, effectively ended their note-issuing authority.