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5 Pesos Circulating note, Blue seal, Yellow back

发行方 Philippine National Bank
年份 1921
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印刷机构 Bureau of Engraving and Printing, United States (1862-date)
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背面描述 Uniformly printed in vivid orange-yellow, the reverse presents an intricate guilloche framework with scrollwork corner pieces and a broad decorative outer border. The words 'PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK CIRCULATING NOTE' appear in large bold serif lettering at centre, flanked by large numeral '5' panels. The denomination 'FIVE PESOS' is inscribed in horizontal banners across the upper field, while small oval cartouches reading 'FIVE' appear at lower left and right, with a legal receivability clause in small text along the lower centre.
背面铭文 FIVE PESOS FIVE PESOS PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK CIRCULATING NOTE THIS NOTE IS RECEIVABLE BY THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT IN PAYMENT OF ALL TAXES, DUES OR OTHER CLAIMS DUE OR OWING TO SAID GOVERNMENT AND IS EXEMPT FROM ALL TAXES FIVE FIVE
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The Philippine National Bank was established in 1916 partly to break the stranglehold of foreign commercial banks — primarily British and American — on agricultural credit in the islands. These circulating notes were authorized under the PNB's charter to function as legal tender, a privilege unusual for a state-owned commercial bank and one that made the institution a direct instrument of colonial economic policy under the American administration.

The BEP's involvement meant the plates never left Washington, creating a logistical dependency that would become awkward during the Japanese occupation two decades later. The yellow back is a deliberate anti-counterfeiting measure specific to this series, not a design affectation.