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5 Pesos
| Issuer | Mindanao Emergency Currency Board |
|---|---|
| Year | 1944 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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| Obverse description | The obverse is framed by an ornate floral and foliate border with numeral '5' corner medallions. At centre, a circular vignette bears the seal of the Commonwealth of the Philippines; above, the text 'Treasury Emergency Currency Certificate / By Authority of the President of the Philippines / Commonwealth of the Philippines' is set in letterpress, followed by a redemption pledge. The large denomination legend 'FIVE PESOS' and issuer title 'MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD' appear in bold sans-serif lettering at centre, with Series 1944 designation and an alphanumeric serial number at right; three manuscript signatures of Board members appear along the lower portion. |
|---|---|
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| Reverse lettering | ISSUED BY THE MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD PHILIPPINES FIVE PESOS This note is redeemable at face value after the emergency and will not be devaluated or discriminated against Kining sapi-a kailisan sumala sa iyang bili tapus ang kagubut ug dili kakuban ni kaayran Counterfeiting of this note will be severely punished Mabu-at nga silot ipahamtang sa mga kawat pag sundog r-ng sapia FIVE PESOS |
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| Comments |
The Mindanao Emergency Currency Board was one of several provincial guerrilla currency authorities that operated under Japanese occupation, issuing notes to keep local economies functioning outside Japanese military scrip. These boards operated with whatever printing materials were available, often producing notes on poor-quality paper stocks with rudimentary typeset layouts — quality varied enormously between issues and even between individual notes of the same series.
P#S517 is one of the more documented Mindanao issues, with three named signatories, which was not universal across guerrilla currency — some boards used rubber-stamped facsimiles or omitted individual attribution entirely. Bacalso's chairmanship is confirmed in surviving administrative records from the occupation period.