5 Kopecks - Peter I / Catherine I / Peter II / Anna МД

The МД mint mark denotes the Moscow Copper Mint (Moskovsky Dvor), which struck these large copper kopecks under a succession of four rulers in just six years — a period of dynastic instability that saw Peter I die in 1725 without a clear successor, triggering a sequence of palace coups that brought Catherine I, Peter II, and Anna to power in rapid succession. The continuous reuse of dies across reigns was a deliberate administrative decision, not an oversight; retooling the copper coinage for each new monarch was expensive and slow.

Attribution to a specific reign requires close die analysis, as the physical coins changed little between issues.