5 Gulden

The Landgräflich Hessische concessionierte Landesbank was the state-chartered bank of Hesse-Kassel, operating under the authority of the Landgrave — a title already something of an anachronism by the 1850s, as the Electorate had been abolished and restored repeatedly through the Napoleonic period. This note dates from the bank's operation under Elector Friedrich Wilhelm I's reconstituted regime, just seven years before Hesse-Kassel was annexed outright by Prussia following the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, at which point the bank's notes became worthless overnight.

Small-denomination Gulden notes from Hesse-Kassel in this period are genuinely scarce — the political disruption of 1866 meant redemption was chaotic and survival rates were low.