5 Groszy - Nikolai I

Historical Context: This 5 Groszy coin, issued between 1826 and 1840, originates from the Russian Partition of Poland, specifically the Congress Kingdom of Poland under the rule of Emperor Nikolai I. Nikolai I's reign (1825-1855) was characterized by staunch autocracy and a firm hand against nationalist aspirations, particularly after the November Uprising of 1830-31. This coinage reflects the diminishing autonomy of Poland, serving as a tangible symbol of its monetary and political integration into the Russian Empire, despite retaining some distinct Polish denominational characteristics.

Artistry: While specific engraver details are often unrecorded for such utilitarian issues, the coinage from the Warsaw Mint during this period generally adhered to a neoclassical aesthetic. The obverse typically features the majestic double-headed imperial eagle, often with a shield bearing the Polish eagle on its breast, symbolizing the union of the two states, albeit under Russian dominance. The reverse clearly displays the denomination "5 GROSZY" and the date, rendered in a legible, classical serif typeface. The design balances imperial iconography with the practical need for clear monetary identification.

Technical/Grading: Struck in billon (.192 silver), this coin often exhibits characteristics typical of base metal alloys. Key high-points for wear assessment include the eagle's heads, crowns, and wing tips on the obverse, and the numerals and lettering on the reverse. Due to the low silver content and common usage, examples often show significant circulation wear. Strikes can vary, with central weakness or slight planchet imperfections being common. A well-struck example will show clear detail in the eagle's feathers and crispness in the legend, though pristine examples are scarce.