5 Grani - Ferdinando III

Ferdinand III of Sicily spent much of this period under British protection — Nelson's fleet had evacuated the Bourbon court from Naples in 1798 after French forces installed the short-lived Parthenopean Republic. These copper issues were struck at the Palermo mint while the mainland kingdom remained under French control, making Sicily effectively the entirety of his functioning realm for years. The Spahr 2 varieties across this date range reflect progressive die deterioration rather than deliberate design changes.