5 Dollars - Elizabeth II Waldseemüller

The Waldseemüller map of 1507 holds a specific claim no other document can make: it is the first known cartographic work to use the name "America." Martin Waldseemüller, a German cartographer working in Saint-Dié-des-Vosges, based the name on Amerigo Vespucci's published accounts of the New World voyages, apparently unaware that Vespucci himself had limited direct role in the expeditions being described. Waldseemüller later had misgivings and attempted to remove the name from subsequent editions — but it had already taken hold.

The original 1507 print run was roughly 1,000 copies. Only one complete example survives, purchased by the Library of Congress in 2003 for $10 million.