5 Céntimos Pacs, Sindicat Agrícola

Pacs del Penedès is a small wine-producing municipality in the Alt Penedès comarca, and the Sindicat Agrícola there — like dozens of similar agricultural cooperatives across Catalonia — began issuing its own fractional emergency currency in 1936 after the outbreak of the Civil War drained metallic coinage from circulation almost immediately. The Republican government's inability to supply adequate small change pushed the burden onto municipalities, trade unions, and cooperatives, who printed whatever they could on whatever stock was available.

The thick card construction was not a design choice — it was a practical response to paper shortages and the need for something durable enough to pass between calloused hands in a rural market economy. The handstamp is the only authentication mechanism, applied locally.