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5 Cash - Jiading Yuanbao, Yong, iron

Issuer Empire of China
Year 1208-1224
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Reference(s) Hartill#17.629, FD#1425
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Obverse lettering 嘉定元寶
(Translation: Jia Ding Yuan Bao — Jiading [4th era of Emperor Ningzong, 1208-1224] / Original currency)
Reverse description Central square hole with a single Chinese ideogram placed above and one below the perforation, reading 用 (Yong) above and 五 (Wu) below, both rendered in regular script (Kaishu). The characters are set within plain inner and outer rim borders. The reverse layout is simple and unadorned, consistent with Southern Song dynasty iron cash coinage practice of indicating value and mint or supervisory office designations.
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Additional information

The Jiading reign of Emperor Ningzong coincided with relentless military pressure from the Jin dynasty to the north, and the Southern Song government financed its defense in part through massive iron cash production. Iron coinage was a deliberate policy response to copper shortages — the metal was scarce enough that bronze issues were being hoarded almost on contact, leaving iron as the practical circulating medium across large parts of southern China.

The mint mark "Yong" indicates production at Yongzhou, in present-day Hunan province.

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