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5 000 000 Mark Phoenix Aktien-Gesellschaft für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb
| Issuer | Phoenix Aktien-Gesellschaft für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb, Düsseldorf |
|---|---|
| Year | 1923 |
| Type | Log in to see details |
| Value | 5 000 000 Mark (5 000 000) |
| Currency | Log in to see details |
| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Size | Log in to see details |
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| Printer | Log in to see details |
| Designer(s) | Log in to see details |
| Engraver(s) | Log in to see details |
| In circulation to | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | GUTSCHEIN PHOENIX Aktien-Gesellschaft für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb Fünf Millionen MARK Dieser Gutschein hat bis einen Monat nach Widerruf Gültigkeit und wird bei den in den Tageszeitungen angegebenen Stellen eingelöst. Düsseldorf, den 15. August 1923. PHOENIX Aktien-Gesellschaft für Bergbau und Hüttenbetrieb FÜNF MILLIONEN MARK GREVEN & BECHTOLD, KÖLN |
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| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Signature(s) | Log in to see details |
| Protection type | Watermark |
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| Variants | Log in to see details |
| Comments |
Phoenix AG was one of the great integrated steel and mining combines of the Ruhr — coal pits, coke ovens, blast furnaces, rolling mills — and like most large industrial employers in the hyperinflation of 1923, it issued its own emergency currency (Notgeld) to meet payroll when the Reichsbank could not supply usable denominations fast enough. The five-million mark figure, staggering on its face, was routine by mid-1923; within weeks of issue such notes were often worth less than the paper they were printed on.
Greven & Bechtold of Cologne were active commercial printers who took on substantial Notgeld work during this period. The watermark is the one concession to security on what was, in practice, a short-lived internal instrument.