5 000 000 000 Mark overprint on 2 000 000 Mark

By late 1923, German municipal authorities were issuing their own emergency currency — Notgeld — simply to keep wages moving. Mannheim's 2-Milliarden-Mark notes were already obsolete almost as soon as they were printed; the hyperinflation that peaked in November 1923 required denominations to be multiplied by factors that made fresh plate-cutting impractical. Overstamping existing stock was faster and cheaper than commissioning new designs, which is precisely why this note exists.

The 5-Billion overprint places it in the final, almost absurd phase of the crisis, just weeks before the Rentenmark stabilization effectively ended the emergency currency period and rendered the entire series worthless for anything except exchange at the new rate of one Rentenmark to one trillion old Marks.