45 Centimos countermark on 2 brown centimos

By 1938, the Republican zone was hemorrhaging small change. Metal had been requisitioned for the war effort, and the coinage infrastructure across Loyalist-held territory had largely collapsed. Local municipalities, cooperatives, and even individual businesses began issuing emergency cardboard discs to fill the gap — a phenomenon documented extensively by collector Josep Miró. This piece represents exactly that improvised monetary ecosystem: a pre-existing 2 céntimos cardboard token restruck with a 45 céntimos countermark, effectively revaluing it upward as inflation and shortage bit simultaneously.