4000 Réis - João V State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão, Lisbon Mint

Historical Context: This 1749 4000 Réis gold coin represents the zenith of Portugal's colonial wealth under King João V (1706-1750), often called "the Magnanimous." Struck at the Lisbon Mint, it signifies the metropolitan control over Brazil's vast mineral resources. While bearing the legend for the entire Portuguese realm, its specific attribution to the State of Grão-Pará and Maranhão highlights the administrative division of Brazil, a crucial northern territory encompassing the Amazon basin. This period saw immense gold influx from Brazil financing João V's lavish court and ambitious building projects, making these coins tangible symbols of imperial prosperity and the mercantilist system.

Artistry: The coin's design adheres to the established numismatic iconography of João V's reign, reflecting the prevailing late Baroque aesthetic of the Lisbon Mint. The obverse features the crowned arms of Portugal, a symbol of royal authority and national identity. The reverse displays the Cross of the Order of Christ, an enduring emblem of Portuguese exploration and sovereignty, flanked by the "4000" denomination. While specific engraver signatures are not typically found on these issues, the consistent style indicates the skilled craftsmanship of the Lisbon Mint's official engravers, whose work was characterized by strong, regal portraiture (when present) and well-defined heraldic elements.

Technical/Grading: For grading this 4000 Réis type, critical high-points on the obverse include the intricate details of the crown atop the Portuguese arms, particularly the jewels and crosses, and the fine lines within the escutcheons. On the reverse, attention should be paid to the central points and arms of the Cross of Christ, especially where they meet the central square, and the clarity of the small rosettes in the angles. The sharpness of the "4000" denomination and the surrounding legends on both sides are also crucial indicators of wear. Field preservation, often compromised by circulation, significantly impacts overall grade.