4000 Reales de Vellón Banco de Cádiz

The Banco de Cádiz was one of Spain's earliest provincial banks of issue, established in 1846 under the commercial banking legislation that briefly decentralized note-issuing authority before Madrid reasserted control. It survived barely a decade before being absorbed into the Banco de España's expanding monopoly. Notes of this denomination — 4000 reales de vellón, a substantial sum — would have circulated almost entirely within commercial and mercantile networks in Cádiz, then still one of Spain's busiest Atlantic ports.

Provincial Spanish issues of this period are genuinely rare survivors. Most were redeemed or destroyed when the issuing banks were wound up.