4 Scudi - Victor Amadeus I

Victor Amadeus I ruled Savoy for only nine years before dying in 1637, leaving his duchy in the hands of a regent amid French encroachment and dynastic instability. His gold coinage of the early 1630s was struck at a moment when Savoy was navigating the brutal crosscurrents of the Thirty Years' War — nominally allied with France under Richelieu while desperately protecting what remained of its territorial sovereignty along the Alpine frontier.

The two-year production window for this type is narrow enough that survivors are genuinely scarce. MIR 702 distinguishes at least one die variant within the series.