4 Pfennig Kipper

The Kipper und Wipper crisis of 1621–1623 was one of the most destructive monetary collapses in pre-modern European history, driven by dozens of petty states — including Paderborn — deliberately debasing their coinage to profit from arbitrage before their neighbors caught on. The bishop's mint was effectively running a short-term fraud: strike underweight, debased billon pieces, export them into neighboring territories at face value, and pocket the seigniorage before the scheme collapsed. It did collapse, catastrophically, triggering food riots and widespread economic ruin across the Holy Roman Empire.

Paderborn's issues from this period are among the more obscure Kipper emissions, and the Schwede and Weingärtner references remain the primary tools for attribution.