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4 Maravedis - Charles and Joanna without crowns above pillars
| Issuer | Dominican Republic › Santo Domingo (1492-1821) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1542-1556 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Log in to see details |
| Obverse lettering | CAROLVS ET IOANA REGES |
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| Reverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Edge | Plain |
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| Additional information |
Charles and Joanna's coinage for Santo Domingo represents some of the earliest European-style copper struck in the Americas, produced at a mint established by royal decree in 1536. The "without crowns" variety — distinguishing this from related types — reflects a documented inconsistency in die preparation at Santo Domingo, not a deliberate policy change. The mint operated under chronic shortages of skilled engravers, which accounts for the considerable variation seen across surviving specimens.
Cal#209 is genuinely scarce. Santo Domingo's output was modest compared to later mainland mints at Mexico City or Lima, and copper circulated hard in a colonial port economy.