4 Kreuzers - Joachim Ernest

Joachim Ernest ruled Brandenburg-Ansbach from 1603 until his death in 1625, and his later coinage falls squarely within the monetary chaos of the Kipper- und Wipperzeit — the "clipping and see-saw" inflation crisis of 1619–1623 that devastated the small German states. Princes across the Empire debased their coinage aggressively to extract seigniorage profit, then blamed neighboring mints. Brandenburg-Ansbach was no innocent party.

The 4 Kreuzer denomination was a workhorse of this inflationary period, struck in quantity by dozens of imperial territories simultaneously, which makes attribution to specific mints genuinely difficult even for specialists.