4 Ducats - Max Gandolf von Kuenburg

Max Gandolf von Kuenburg ruled as Prince-Archbishop of Salzburg from 1668 until his death in 1687, and his tenure is inseparable from one of the most brutal episodes of post-Reformation persecution: the expulsion of thousands of Protestant crypto-Lutherans from the archbishopric's mountain valleys. His 1682 coin production falls squarely within that campaign, the same year pressure on the so-called "Deferdanten" was intensifying toward the mass expulsions that followed.

Four-ducat multiples from Salzburg's archiepiscopal mint were never circulation pieces — struck as presentation gifts and diplomatic currency among the imperial nobility.