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| 正面描述 | Bare-headed, draped bust of Ferdinand I (Ferdinando di Borbone), Duke of Parma, facing right, rendered in high relief in the neoclassical style with finely engraved hair dressed in the late 18th-century fashion, tied at the back with a ribbon and falling in curled locks over the nape. A five-pointed star appears in the lower field beneath the truncation. The circumferential Latin legend reads FERDINANDVS I · HISPAN · INFANS, denoting the duke's title as Infante of Spain, and is bordered by a fine toothed rim. |
|---|---|
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| 正面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面描述 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面文字 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 背面铭文 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 边缘 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸币厂 | 登录 以查看详情 |
| 铸造量 | 1787 S - - 1790 S - - 1792 S - - 1796 S - - |
| 附加信息 |
Ferdinando di Borbone ruled Parma as a Spanish Bourbon satellite under persistent Austrian pressure — the duchy sat uncomfortably between Habsburg Milan and Napoleonic ambition, and its coinage reflected the financial strains of that position. The 4 Doppie was among the highest-denomination gold issues produced at Parma, a mint that never achieved the output volumes of Turin or Milan.
The nine-year span across this type reflects incremental die changes rather than a continuous production run; surviving examples cluster unevenly across those dates, with certain years considerably scarcer than others. French occupation ended Ferdinando's effective authority by 1796, when the duchy was absorbed into the Cispadane orbit.