4 Cornados - Felipe IV

Navarre retained its own coinage system well into the Habsburg period — a concession to the kingdom's distinct legal status under the fueros, the body of traditional privileges that successive Castilian monarchs were obliged to swear to uphold upon accession. Felipe IV's long reign, spanning four decades of near-continuous warfare and fiscal crisis, left the broader Castilian monetary system in ruins, yet Navarrese copper issues continued under their own authority throughout. The cornado denomination itself was archaic even by 1621 standards, a holdover from medieval Navarrese monetary tradition that had long ceased circulating in Castile proper.