4 Cornados - Carlos III

Historical Context: This 4 Cornados copper coin from the Kingdom of Navarre was issued during the reign of Carlos III (1760-1788), an enlightened Bourbon monarch who enacted significant reforms. Navarre, though part of the Spanish Crown, maintained distinct privileges, including its own coinage rights. The issuance of low-denomination copper currency like the cornado was vital for daily commerce, addressing the need for small change in a growing economy and reflecting the kingdom's unique fiscal identity.

Artistry: The specific engraver for this regional copper issue is typically unrecorded. Stylistically, the coin adheres to prevalent Bourbon classicism, characterized by a dignified, often idealized, portraiture of the monarch on the obverse. The reverse features the crowned arms of Navarre, or a combined Spanish-Navarrese escutcheon, denoting both regional autonomy and royal authority. The design, utilitarian for a circulating copper piece, aimed for clarity in depicting regal symbols and denomination.

Technical/Grading: As a small-denomination copper issue, these 4 Cornados often exhibit variable strike quality. High points for wear and strike analysis include the highest relief of Carlos III's wig or laurel wreath on the obverse, and the crown and central elements of the coat of arms on the reverse. Weak strikes are common, particularly on peripheral legends and finer heraldic details. Planchet preparation could be inconsistent, leading to uneven flans. Corrosion is a frequent challenge, impacting preservation.