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3000 Réis - José I Countermark MR over '1 Ducat, Holland, 1752'
| Issuer | Mozambique |
|---|---|
| Year | 1765 |
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| Composition | Gold (.9896) |
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|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | MR · CONCORDIA · RES · PARVAE · CRESCUNT · 1752 |
| Reverse description | The reverse of the host Dutch ducat displays a tablet or cartouche framed by elaborate foliate scrollwork and ornamentation, bearing a five-line Latin inscription in the field. The inscription reads MO ORD / PROV / FOEDE / BELGA / LEG IMP, an abbreviation for Moneta Ordinum Provinciarum Foederatarum Belgicarum ad Legem Imperii, meaning 'Coin of the Federated Belgian Provinces according to Imperial Law.' No Portuguese countermark appears on this face. The overall composition is characteristic of the standard Holland ducat trade coinage of the mid-eighteenth century. |
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| Additional information |
Portugal's colonial administration in Mozambique faced a persistent shortage of gold coinage suitable for local commerce during the mid-eighteenth century. Rather than wait for freshly minted colonial issues from Lisbon, the administration authorized countermarking circulating foreign gold — in this case, Dutch ducats from the Holland mint — with the crowned "MR" punch, standing for *Moeda Real*, to validate them for official circulation at a fixed tariffed value.
The 1752 Holland ducat was a well-traveled trade coin by the time it received this mark in 1765. Dutch ducats circulated extensively across Indian Ocean trade networks.