3 Mark Kipper

Kipper und Wipperzeit — the "clipping and see-sawing" crisis of 1618–1622 — was one of the most catastrophic currency debasements in German history, triggered by the financial pressures of the early Thirty Years' War. Mints across the Holy Roman Empire, including municipal ones like Aachen's, raced to produce debased coinage at face values far exceeding their silver content, then used the profits to fund military obligations. Aachen held the unusual distinction of being both a Free Imperial City and the traditional coronation seat of German kings, which gave its mint a legitimacy that smaller opportunistic operators lacked.

Krum#130.19 places this piece within a documented sequence, suggesting Aachen struck multiple die varieties across the Kipper period.