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3 Lire - Ferdinando di Borbone
| Issuer | Parma and Piacenza, Duchy of |
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| Year | 1790-1795 |
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| Composition | Silver (.833) |
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| Obverse description | Draped bust of Ferdinando I di Borbone facing right, with powdered wig tied at the nape with a ribbon bow, rendered in a refined late-Baroque portrait style. A small mint mark (S with a star below) appears at the base of the bust. The surrounding legend reads FERD·I·H·I·D·G·PAR·PLAC·VAST·DVX, identifying the ruler as Ferdinand, Infante of Spain, by the Grace of God Duke of Parma, Piacenza, and Guastalla. The entire design is enclosed within a beaded inner border. |
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| Reverse description | The denomination and date are displayed in four lines of bold capital lettering — LIRE / TRE / DI / PARMA / 1790 — enclosed within a wreath of two olive or laurel branches tied at the base with a ribbon. The branches are rendered with naturalistic detail, featuring alternating leaves and buds. The entire composition is contained within a beaded inner border matching the obverse, creating a balanced and symmetrical design typical of late-18th-century Italian duchy coinage. |
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| Additional information |
Ferdinando di Borbone ruled Parma under close Habsburg supervision — his mother was Maria Amalia of Austria, and Vienna's influence over the duchy never fully loosened. These years of issue, 1790–1795, bracketed the execution of his Bourbon cousin Louis XVI and the collapse of the French monarchy, events that sent shockwaves through every minor Italian court. Ferdinando's own position grew increasingly precarious as French Revolutionary forces pushed into the peninsula.
The duchy was formally ceded to France by the Treaty of Aranjuez in 1801, making this issue one of the last autonomous Parmese coinages before Napoleonic reorganization erased the title entirely.