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3 Kreuzers - Maximilian II Emanuel
| Issuer | Bavaria, Electorate of |
|---|---|
| Year | 1690-1694 |
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| Value | Log in to see details |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
| Weight | 1.5 g |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | MAX:EMAN:H:I:B:C:& |
| Reverse description | Central device comprising a crowned oval baroque cartouche bearing the quartered arms of Bavaria and the Rhenish Palatinate, with a central escutcheon displaying the imperial orb, all set within an ornate baroque frame. The numeral 3, denoting the face value in Kreuzer, appears in a cartouche at the base of the shield, flanking the divided date. The legend LAND GROSCH arcs across the field, identifying this issue as a Landgroschen denomination. The overall composition reflects the elaborate heraldic style characteristic of late seventeenth-century Bavarian coinage. |
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| Additional information |
Maximilian II Emanuel was absent from Bavaria for much of this period — appointed Governor of the Spanish Netherlands in 1691, he spent years maneuvering through the dynastic politics of the War of the Spanish Succession rather than governing his electorate directly. These small billon pieces kept commerce moving in his absence, struck under the authority of his administration while he pursued Habsburg alliance and, ultimately, a catastrophically miscalculated switch to the French side that would see him stripped of his electorate entirely by 1706.