3 Kreuzers - John II Casimir Vasa

John II Casimir Vasa ceded the Duchies of Oppeln and Ratibor to the Austrian Habsburgs in 1666 under the terms of a loan arrangement — the duchies had been pledged as collateral to fund Poland's wars against Sweden and Muscovy, and Casimir never redeemed them. This 1661 issue was struck just five years before that transfer, during a period when the Polish crown retained nominal authority over the territory while Habsburg influence was already tightening. Silesian coinage of this reign tends to be administratively complex precisely because the issuing authority was simultaneously vassal, debtor, and sovereign.