3 Groschens - Stephen VIII Type Ib
| Issuer | Moldavia |
|---|---|
| Year | 1595 |
| Type | Standard circulation coin |
| Value | 3 Groschens |
| Currency | Groschen (1375-1665) |
| Composition | Silver |
| Weight | 1.43 g |
| Diameter | 20.5 mm |
| Thickness | |
| Shape | Round (irregular) |
| Technique | Hammered |
| Orientation | Variable alignment ↺ |
| Engraver(s) | |
| In circulation to | |
| Reference(s) | MBR#810 |
| Obverse description | On top, three coat of arms of Poland, Vasa family and Lithuania. In the middle text and on the bottom `Przegonia` shield with initials I - D and 15 - 89 |
|---|---|
| Obverse script | Latin |
| Obverse lettering |
GROSARG TRIPREG POLOИIE I - D 15 - 89 (Translation: Three silver groschens of the kingdom of Poland) |
| Reverse description | Bust with crown looking right. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
| Reverse lettering |
STEPII*BOIBOD*MOL*DOB* (Translation: Voivode Stephen of Moldavia [...]) |
| Edge | |
| Mint | |
| Mintage |
1589 (1595) - - |
| Numisquare ID | 1267768880 |
| Additional information |
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Historical Context: The 3 Groschens of 1595, Type Ib, was issued under Stephen VIII (Ştefan Răzvan), ruler of Moldavia from 1595 to 1600. His reign began in a turbulent period for the principality, a vassal state of the Ottoman Empire, navigating pressures from Poland and the Habsburgs. Stephen Răzvan, of Roma descent, sought Moldavian autonomy. This coinage symbolizes Moldavian sovereignty amidst external dominion and internal strife.
Artistry: While the engraver remains anonymous, the coin's design reflects regional numismatic traditions, influenced by Polish and Transylvanian mints. The obverse typically features the iconic Moldavian aurochs head (capul de bour), often crowned and flanked by rosettes, with a star between its horns. The reverse displays the denomination "III GROS" and the date 1595, frequently encircled by the ruler's name or a variant of the Moldavian shield. "Type Ib" denotes specific variations in these heraldic elements, suggesting distinct die sets.
Technical/Grading: Struck in silver, weighing 1.43 grams and measuring 20.5 mm, this 3 Groschens is characteristic of late 16th-century Moldavian minting. High-points for grading include the aurochs' horns and muzzle, and the reverse numerals and central shield. Due to hand-cut dies and manual striking, examples often exhibit off-centring, uneven planchet quality, and weakness of strike, particularly at the peripheries. Full, sharp strikes are uncommon; original mint luster is exceedingly rare, with most showing circulation and environmental toning.