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3 Dollars - Elizabeth II Manilla
| Issuer | Royal Mint, UK |
|---|---|
| Year | 2007 |
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| Reference(s) | KM#164 |
| Obverse description | Gilt effigy of Queen Elizabeth II facing right, wearing a tiara and draped in robes, after the portrait by Ian Rank-Broadley whose initials IRB appear below the truncation. The legend BERMUDA ELIZABETH II arcs around the upper portion of the triangular field, with the date 2007 positioned at the lower right. The design is set within the distinctive curved-triangular flan characteristic of this Bermuda Shipwrecks series. |
|---|---|
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| Obverse lettering | BERMUDA ELIZABETH II IRB 2007 |
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| Additional information |
The manilla was a horseshoe-shaped copper or bronze bracelet currency used across West Africa for centuries, functioning as a medium of exchange in trade networks — including, infamously, the transatlantic slave trade, where European merchants paid for enslaved people in manillas by the thousands. Britain's Royal Mint was itself a significant supplier of manillas to West African markets into the twentieth century, continuing production at Llantrisant as late as 1949.
This silver issue is part of a broader Royal Mint program commemorating obsolete currency forms. The manilla's last official demonetization occurred in Nigeria in 1948, when the colonial government withdrew an estimated 32 million pieces from circulation.