25 Rial - Abdulaziz and Muhammad III

Tunisia's bimetallic coinage reform of the 1860s was driven largely by French financial pressure and the terms of the 1863 loan negotiated by the Husainid bey Sadok with a Paris banking consortium. That loan, catastrophically mismanaged, led directly to the 1864 tribal uprising and ultimately to Tunisia's declaration of bankruptcy in 1869 — making the broader series to which this piece belongs a numismatic footnote to one of the 19th century's more consequential North African fiscal collapses. The joint-name format, citing both the Ottoman sultan and the reigning bey, reflects the careful choreography of nominal suzerainty that Tunis maintained with Constantinople.