25 Céntimos Villanueva de Castellón

Villanueva de Castellón is a small agricultural municipality in Valencia, and like hundreds of Spanish Republican towns during the Civil War, its local council was forced to print its own fractional emergency currency when coin disappeared from circulation entirely. The Republican government's inability to maintain a functioning small-change supply — exacerbated by hoarding, melting, and supply chain collapse — pushed this responsibility down to the municipal level, producing a chaotic proliferation of locally issued pieces with no standardization and wildly uneven printing quality.

The thick card stock was a practical necessity, not an aesthetic choice. Proper banknote paper was unavailable to most ayuntamientos by 1938.