25 Céntimos Villanueva de Castellón

Villanueva de Castellón is a small agricultural municipality in Valencia's Ribera Alta comarca. Like hundreds of Spanish towns during the early months of the Civil War, it issued its own fractional currency in 1936 when metallic coinage vanished from circulation almost overnight — hoarded, melted, or simply lost in the chaos of mobilization. The Republican government's inability to distribute small change quickly enough forced local councils, trade unions, and cooperatives to fill the gap themselves, producing thousands of distinct local emissions across the loyalist zone.

The thick card stock is characteristic of hastily authorized municipal issues from this period, where printing resources were improvised rather than contracted through established security printers.