25 Centimos Premià; Cooperativa Popular La Fraternitat Obrera

La Fraternitat Obrera was one of hundreds of Catalan worker cooperatives that began issuing emergency small-denomination paper during the summer of 1936, when the Republic's coinage vanished almost overnight — hoarded, melted, or simply absorbed by the chaos of the early Civil War months. These cooperative vales functioned as genuine local currency within a tight geographic radius, accepted only where the issuing body had standing. Premià de Mar, a coastal textile town north of Barcelona, had an active cooperative movement, which explains how a body like this one had both the organizational infrastructure and the community trust necessary to put paper into circulation.

The thick card stock was a practical choice — coin substitutes needed to survive repeated handling in shops and markets without disintegrating.