25 Céntimos Montcada i Reixac

One of hundreds of municipal emergency notes issued across the Republican zone during the Civil War, this piece from Montcada i Reixac reflects the near-total breakdown of small-denomination coinage by 1937. The Republican government's inability to maintain adequate coin supply pushed even small municipalities to print their own scrip — legally dubious but practically necessary, since without it local commerce simply stopped.

Grafos was a Barcelona printing firm operating under collective management following the anarcho-syndicalist seizures of 1936. The "Col·lectivitzada" designation is not decorative — it identifies the firm as worker-controlled under the CNT-FAO collectivization decrees, which gives this note a secondary layer of historical specificity beyond its issuing municipality.