2 1/2 Baiocchi - Pius VI

Historical Context: The 2 1/2 Baiocchi from Fano, dated 1797, emerged during the tumultuous pontificate of Pius VI (1775-1799). This era saw the Papal States under immense pressure from revolutionary France and Napoleon’s Italian campaigns. Struck just prior to the 1798 French occupation of Rome and Pius VI’s exile, this provincial copper coinage highlights profound political and economic instability. Such local issues were vital for daily commerce as central Papal authority rapidly waned.

Artistry: Likely crafted by an anonymous local engraver, this copper coin’s design reflects the pragmatic aesthetic typical of low-denomination Papal States issues. While Europe embraced Neoclassicism, provincial mints often retained simpler, late Baroque styles. The obverse features the Papal arms—an oval shield beneath the tiara and crossed keys—rendered with functional clarity. The reverse plainly states the denomination "BAIOCCHI DUE E MEZZO," the date 1797, and the mintmark FANO, prioritizing legibility for common circulation.

Technical/Grading: Key high-points for condition assessment on the obverse include the Papal tiara and shield details. On the reverse, sharpness of lettering and numerals for denomination and date is critical. Copper coinage from this period and mint often exhibits variable strike quality; off-center strikes, planchet irregularities, and weakness on high relief points are common. Well-struck examples, free from significant environmental damage, nicks, or excessive wear, are highly sought, reflecting 18th-century provincial minting challenges.