200 Réis - João IV Countermarked 1 Tostao

In 1663, the Portuguese crown ordered a mass countermarking operation across Brazil to revalue existing silver coinage — old 100 réis tostões received a crowned globe punch to circulate at double their face value, an emergency measure driven by chronic coin shortages in the colony and the costs of defending Portuguese Brazil against Dutch incursions that had only recently been expelled. The countermark itself was applied hastily in quantity, and placement varies considerably across surviving examples.

KM#32 is frequently found with weak or partially struck punches, a direct consequence of worn countermarking dies and inconsistent host planchet surfaces.