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20 Pesos
| Issuer | Negros Emergency Currency Board |
|---|---|
| Year | 1944 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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| Obverse description | Letterpress-printed emergency currency certificate on plain paper, framed by a repeating ornamental border. The central text reads 'Twenty Pesos' in large bold typeface beneath a header identifying the note as a 'Treasury Emergency Currency Certificate' issued by authority of the President of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. To the right, a circular embossed seal of the Commonwealth of the Philippines is present, with 'Series of 1944' and the issuer designation 'Negros Emergency Currency Board' printed below the denomination. |
|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | Log in to see details |
| Reverse description | Printed in reddish-brown ink on plain paper, the reverse is enclosed within the same repeating ornamental border as the obverse. The denomination '20 PESOS' appears in each of the four corners, with 'XX' rendered below in two corners, while the central field carries the bold block-letter inscription 'Twenty Philippines Pesos' arranged over three lines above a faint circular underprint at the left. |
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| Comments |
The Negros Emergency Currency Board was one of several provincial authorities that issued guerrilla currency in the Philippines after the Japanese occupation disrupted normal banking. These notes were produced locally under wartime conditions — Negros Occidental maintained enough organizational cohesion to sustain a functioning, if improvised, monetary system through much of the occupation, backed loosely by the promise of post-liberation redemption by the Commonwealth government.
Alfred J. Montelibano was a prominent Negrense sugar planter and political figure, his name lending the currency a degree of local credibility that purely bureaucratic signatures could not.
S679 notes are relatively scarcer than lower denominations in the series, consistent with typical guerrilla issue patterns where high-value notes were printed in smaller quantities.