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20 Pesos
| Issuer | Mindanao Emergency Currency Board |
|---|---|
| Year | 1943 |
| Type | Standard circulation banknote |
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|---|---|
| Obverse lettering | TWENTY PESOS Treasury Emergency Currency Certificate By Authority of the President of the COMMONWEALTH OF THE PHILIPPINES This certifies that the Commonwealth Government of the Philippines will redeem this Certificate at face value upon termination of Emergency TWENTY PESOS MINDANAO EMERGENCY CURRENCY BOARD SERIES 1943 MEMBER CHAIRMAN MEMBER 20 |
| Reverse description | The reverse is printed in dark blue ink and framed by a bold Greek key meander border running the full perimeter, with the denomination numeral 20 repeated in each corner and vertical TWENTY PESOS inscriptions along both side margins. The central field carries bilingual and trilingual text affirming redeemability at face value and warning against counterfeiting, rendered in English, Visayan, and a third Philippine dialect. |
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| Comments |
The Mindanao Emergency Currency Board was one of several provincial guerrilla currency authorities established in the Philippines during the Japanese occupation to fund resistance operations and provide a functioning medium of exchange outside the Japanese-issued Mickey Mouse money, which most Filipinos refused to trust. Mindanao's geography — large, mountainous, and difficult to fully occupy — made it one of the more viable territories for this kind of parallel monetary structure.
These emergency issues were printed under extremely constrained conditions, often on whatever paper stock was available, which means quality and color consistency vary considerably across surviving examples. Japanese counter-insurgency operations periodically targeted the printing infrastructure directly.