20 Nummi - Constans II Carthage

Carthage's mint was operating on borrowed time during this window. The city fell to the Arab forces of the Umayyad Caliphate in 698, but the preceding decades saw increasingly erratic output as North Africa destabilized under repeated incursions. Issues from this period often show irregular flan preparation and off-center strikes — not carelessness, but the product of a mint under logistical strain. Carthage had been one of the wealthiest provincial mints in the empire; by the 640s, that was no longer true.