20 Kurush

Emittente	Ottoman Empire
Anno	1854
Tipo	Standard circulation banknote
Valore	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Valuta	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Composizione	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Dimensioni	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Forma	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Stampatore	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Disegnatore/i	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Incisore/i	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
In circolazione fino al	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
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Descrizione del dritto	The obverse is printed entirely in black on cream paper and enclosed within an ornate floral and foliate border. At the upper centre, a radiant sunburst vignette surrounds an oval reserve, below which the denomination numeral '20' is rendered in large Ottoman calligraphic script. Multiple lines of Ottoman Turkish text in naskh and thuluth scripts carry the legal tender declaration and denomination legend, with a circular official tughra seal at the lower centre.
Legenda del dritto	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
Descrizione del rovescio	The reverse is largely plain on cream paper, with a ghostly impression of the sunburst vignette from the obverse visible as a see-through element near the upper portion. At the centre, a single bold circular seal in black ink, bearing dense Ottoman calligraphic inscription, serves as the principal design element against the otherwise unprinted surface.
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Firma/e	Accedi per vedere i dettagli
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Commenti	The 1854 Ottoman issue was part of the Kaime series — emergency paper currency introduced in the early 1840s to finance state deficits when silver reserves were depleted. By 1854, the empire was also deep into the Crimean War, which had forced the Porte to take its first foreign loans from British and French banks. These notes were, in the bluntest sense, instruments of fiscal desperation. The Kaime were chronically distrusted by the Ottoman public, trading at heavy discounts against metallic coin throughout their circulation life. By the late 1850s some issues had lost more than half their face value in open exchange.