20 Crowns - Elizabeth II Richard II

Turks and Caicos Islands used the crown series extensively through the 1990s and 2000s as a revenue vehicle — these issues were struck for the collector market, not for circulation on the islands, where the U.S. dollar functions as the de facto currency. Richard II, who reigned from 1377 to 1399, was ultimately forced to abdicate in favor of Henry Bolingbroke, becoming the only English monarch before Charles I to lose his throne to a formal parliamentary process. His deposition set the dynastic fracture that eventually produced the Wars of the Roses.