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20 Crowns - Elizabeth II Richard II
| Issuer | Turks and Caicos Islands |
|---|---|
| Year | 2002 |
| Type | Non-circulating coin |
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| Reverse description | Frontal portrait of King Richard II, depicted wearing an ornate medieval jewelled crown and richly decorated robes with a large jewelled brooch at the collar, in a style inspired by the celebrated Westminster Abbey portrait. The image is set within an inner circle against a deeply mirrored field. The upper legend HOUSE OF PLANTAGENET arcs above the inner circle, flanked by small heraldic ornaments, with the regnal dates 1377 and 1399 appearing vertically on the left and right respectively. The lower legend KING RICHARD II arcs below the inner circle. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Turks and Caicos Islands used the crown series extensively through the 1990s and 2000s as a revenue vehicle — these issues were struck for the collector market, not for circulation on the islands, where the U.S. dollar functions as the de facto currency. Richard II, who reigned from 1377 to 1399, was ultimately forced to abdicate in favor of Henry Bolingbroke, becoming the only English monarch before Charles I to lose his throne to a formal parliamentary process. His deposition set the dynastic fracture that eventually produced the Wars of the Roses.