20 Cash Urumchi, type 1

Historical Context: The 1929-1930 Sinkiang 20 Cash, Urumchi type 1 (Y#A41.1), was issued during a tumultuous period under Governor Jin Shuren (金樹仁), who consolidated power after Yang Zengxin's assassination in 1928. Sinkiang operated as a semi-autonomous territory, necessitating local coinage due to its remoteness from the central Nanking government and the ongoing Chinese Civil War. Urumchi (Dihua), the provincial capital, served as the primary mint. This denomination reflects traditional Chinese monetary units, circulating amidst growing ethnic tensions and regional instability.

Artistry: Specific engravers for Sinkiang provincial issues of this era are generally undocumented. The artistry reflects a utilitarian provincial style, prioritizing legibility over intricate detail. While the specific design of Y#A41.1 features Chinese characters—typically indicating the issuing authority, denomination, and sometimes date—its execution often exhibits the characteristics of local minting, including variations in die work and occasional crudeness. No engraver's signature is known for this particular type.

Technical/Grading: For optimal grading, collectors should seek coins with a sharp, full strike, particularly evident in the clarity and definition of all Chinese characters on both sides. The serifs and stroke separation of characters like '新疆省造' (Sinkiang Province Made) and '貳拾文' (20 Wen) should be distinct. Examine the fields for minimal planchet flaws, porosity, or heavy tooling marks. A well-defined, complete rim, free from significant weakness or clipping, is also crucial. Original copper luster is exceptionally rare; attractive, even toning is preferred.