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20 Bolognini - Clement X
| Issuer | Bologna (Papal States) |
|---|---|
| Year | 1673-1674 |
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| Value | 20 Bolognini (1/4) |
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| Composition | Log in to see details |
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| Diameter | Log in to see details |
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| Obverse description | Log in to see details |
|---|---|
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| Reverse description | A rampant lion passant to the left occupies the central field, depicted in bold relief with a flowing mane, raised forepaw, and curling tail. The lion grasps a vertical standard or banner bearing the inscription LIBERT (abbreviation of LIBERTAS, the civic motto of Bologna). Below the lion in the exergue appear the mintmaster's initials GCG and the denomination numeral 20. The circular legend · BONONIA · DOCET · with the date 1674 runs around the periphery, the whole enclosed within a beaded border. |
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| Reverse lettering | · BONONIA · DOCET · 1674 GCG 20 (Translation: Bologna teaches) |
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| Additional information |
Clement X — born Emilio Altieri in 1590 — was elected pope in 1670 at roughly eighty years of age, making him one of the oldest men ever elevated to the papacy. Effective governance fell largely to his nephew Cardinal Paluzzo Paluzzi Altieri degli Albertoni, whose influence over Papal States administration extended directly to monetary policy. Bologna retained its own mint throughout the papal period, a privilege dating to the city's formal submission to Julius II in 1506, and continued striking regional denominations with considerable autonomy.
The two-year window of this issue — 1673 to 1674 — coincides with the War of Messina, during which Clement navigated competing French and Spanish pressures on the Italian peninsula without committing papal resources to either side.