The civic era date ΓΤ (year 303) places this issue in 10/9 BC under the Seleucid-derived municipal calendar that Apamea retained long after Roman absorption of Syria in 64 BC. Apamea's designation as *hiera kai asylos* — sacred and inviolable — was a formal legal status conferring sanctuary rights, a distinction the city actively promoted on its coinage as a reminder of its civic privileges under Roman provincial administration.
The civic era date ΓΤ (year 303) places this issue in 10/9 BC under the Seleucid-derived municipal calendar that Apamea retained long after Roman absorption of Syria in 64 BC. Apamea's designation as *hiera kai asylos* — sacred and inviolable — was a formal legal status conferring sanctuary rights, a distinction the city actively promoted on its coinage as a reminder of its civic privileges under Roman provincial administration.