2 Reales - Felipe III hammered, OMNIVM

Felipe III inherited the Castilian mints in 1598 and almost immediately faced pressure to reform a coinage system riddled with fraud. The OMNIVM type — drawing its name from the legend OMNIVM — belongs to the transitional window before the 1603 pragmatic that reorganized silver coinage standards across the Castilian mints. Pieces from this window were struck at multiple facilities including Seville, Toledo, and Segovia, and attributing individual examples to a specific mint frequently requires die study rather than mint mark alone.

Hammered 2 reales of this reign circulated aggressively through Atlantic trade networks, appearing in colonial accounts from the Caribbean within years of minting.