Carlos II ascended the Spanish throne in 1665 at age four, ruling under regency for most of his early reign while the empire's colonial mints continued striking cob coinage — macuquinas — with little central oversight. The Casa de Moneda in Bogotá operated under persistent quality complaints throughout this period, and assayer accountability was enforced unevenly at best.
The Hernández references 171–173 reflect documented die and assayer variations within this emission, a range typical of the irregularity inherent to cob production at Santa Fe de Bogotá.
Carlos II ascended the Spanish throne in 1665 at age four, ruling under regency for most of his early reign while the empire's colonial mints continued striking cob coinage — macuquinas — with little central oversight. The Casa de Moneda in Bogotá operated under persistent quality complaints throughout this period, and assayer accountability was enforced unevenly at best.
The Hernández references 171–173 reflect documented die and assayer variations within this emission, a range typical of the irregularity inherent to cob production at Santa Fe de Bogotá.