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2 Mun Tong, Autumn-The Arousing

Issuer Joseon (1392-1897)
Year 1742-1752
Type Standard circulation coin
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Obverse description Cast round bronze cash coin with a central square hole. The obverse bears four Chinese characters arranged in cruciform around the central perforation: 常平 (Sangpyeong / Changping) reading top to bottom, and 通寶 (Tongbo / Tong bao, meaning 'circulating treasure') reading right to left. The characters are rendered in regular script (kaishu) in raised relief against a plain field, following the standard format of Korean Sangpyeong Tongbo coinage issued under the Joseon dynasty.
Obverse script Chinese
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Additional information

The "Arousing" designation — one of the Eight Trigrams of the I Ching — was used by the Joseon military casting offices to track production batches across their network of provincial foundries, a bureaucratic system that inadvertently created the dense variety classifications collectors now navigate. This particular autumn-cycle issue dates to the decade when the Joseon court was aggressively expanding copper cash production to address chronic coin shortages that had plagued the peninsula since the Japanese invasions of the 1590s left the monetary infrastructure in ruins.

The trigram mint-batch system means die marriages for this type are numerous and attribution between KM#678 and 679 frequently turns on reverse dot placement.

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