Catalog
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| Issuer | Denmark |
|---|---|
| Year | 1690 |
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| Orientation | Coin alignment ↑↓ |
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| Reverse description | The crowned large coat of arms of Denmark and its territories occupies the central field, encircled by a decorative collar bearing the pendant badge of the Order of the Elephant suspended below. The date 1690 and the denomination 2 M are divided and placed at either side of the arms. The mint master's initials C and W appear at the base of the design, separated by the Order pendant. The royal motto PIETATE ET IUSTITIA (With piety and justice) is inscribed as a legend around the rim, divided at both sides by small floral ornaments. |
| Reverse script | Latin |
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| Additional information |
Christian V's monetary reforms of the 1670s–80s restructured Danish coinage around French-influenced denominations, and the 2 Mark pieces of this period were workhorses of domestic trade. The "Bondedreng" nickname — literally "farm boy" — was applied by later collectors, though the precise origin of the epithet is not entirely documented in the literature.
KM#403 is known with minor die variations across its production years. The .671 fineness reflects a deliberate debasement from earlier Mark coinage standards, part of the broader fiscal pressures following the costly wars against Sweden.